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Grand Theft of Moon Rocks
While it may sound like something out of a grand theft stolen science fiction novel, the theft of moon rocks—actual lunar material returned to Earth by NASA missions—offers a compelling real-world example of how both state and federal legal systems handle high-stakes theft cases. At the Law Office of W.F. “Casey” Ebsary Jr., we understand that even the most unusual cases can highlight key legal principles that apply to everyday theft charges in both Florida state courts and federal jurisdictions. Whether you’re facing allegations involving government property, high-value items, or something as “off-the-wall” as moon rocks, our team at CentralLaw.com is here to help you navigate the complex layers of theft law. If you’re dealing with a theft charge—no matter how strange or serious—call us today at (813) 222-2220 or contact us online to get expert legal help.
Moon Rock Theft and Florida Grand Theft: What an “Off-the-Wall” Case Teaches Us About State and Federal Theft Charges
By W.F. “Casey” Ebsary Jr. | Board-Certified Criminal Trial Lawyer | CentralLaw.com
Introduction: Strange Case, Serious Law – What Moon Rocks Reveal About Theft Crimes
Grand Theft Moon Rock Video
Video Summary and Credit:
Join the Moon Rock Protection Squad at https://complexly.store/MRPS
In 2002, a NASA intern stole a safe full of moon rocks from the Johnson Space Center. Around the same time, a special agent there was devoting his life to retrieving moon rocks that had gone missing. This is the story of two men who, for their own reasons, became obsessed with a few grey pebbles—and what those pebbles teach us about the universe. Hosted by: Hank Green
At first glance, a story about someone stealing moon rocks might sound like tabloid fiction or a subplot in a sci-fi thriller. But believe it or not, these bizarre cases are very real—and incredibly instructive. In fact, they illustrate the intricate relationship between federal and state theft laws, especially when dealing with high-value or uniquely significant items.
Here at the Law Office of W.F. “Casey” Ebsary Jr., we regularly represent individuals facing serious theft charges—from retail shoplifting to multimillion-dollar fraud—in both Florida state and U.S. federal courts. As odd as it may seem, a moon rock theft case offers a perfect lens to understand how jurisdiction, valuation, and investigative authority play a role in theft prosecutions.
👉 Facing theft charges in Florida or federal court? Call (813) 222-2220 or Contact Us Online today.
Federal Law: Why Moon Rock Thefts Are Federal Crimes
When the stolen item is government property or crosses state lines, the crime often falls under federal jurisdiction. In the case of moon rocks—priceless samples returned by NASA’s Apollo missions—the legal stakes are extremely high.
Key Federal Statutes That Apply:
✅ 18 U.S.C. § 641 – Theft of Government Property
Moon rocks collected by astronauts are federal property belonging to NASA. This law makes it a felony to steal, convert, or embezzle any U.S. government-owned property.
✅ 18 U.S.C. § 668 – Theft of Cultural Heritage or Major Artwork
Though primarily scientific in nature, lunar samples can be considered objects of historical and cultural significance. This law prohibits theft from museums or government institutions and also bans possession or sale of stolen heritage items.
✅ 18 U.S.C. § 2314 & § 2315 – Interstate Transportation of Stolen Property
If stolen items worth over $5,000 (like moon rocks) are moved across state lines, additional federal charges for trafficking stolen property apply.
The FBI’s Role:
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) leads investigations in such cases, often coordinating with NASA’s Office of Inspector General (OIG). Federal law enforcement has broad jurisdiction and investigative resources unavailable to local agencies.
The Real Moon Rock Heist
In 2002, a NASA intern and his accomplices stole a safe containing priceless moon rocks from the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. These rocks had been brought back during the Apollo missions and were considered federal property with both scientific and cultural significance. The plan? Sell them on the black market.
The group listed the moon rocks online, and FBI agents from the Tampa Division posed as buyers. The deal was arranged at an Orlando-area hotel. The moon rocks were recovered, and the perpetrators were arrested and charged in federal court.
Federal Criminal Charges: What They Faced
Stealing moon rocks triggered multiple serious federal statutes:
🚨 18 U.S.C. § 641 – Theft of Government Property
Moon rocks belong to the U.S. government. Theft of federal property is punishable by up to 10 years in prison, especially when the property is valued at more than $1,000.
🚨 18 U.S.C. § 2314 – Interstate Transportation of Stolen Property
Transporting stolen goods worth more than $5,000 across state lines? That adds more years and layers of prosecution.
🚨 18 U.S.C. § 668 – Theft of Cultural Property
Moon rocks are historic artifacts, and their theft can be prosecuted under laws protecting museum and research collections.
Result: The main suspect received over 8 years in federal prison.
👉 Learn how we fight back in Federal Criminal Defense cases.
What Florida Law Says About Theft
Even if a case doesn’t involve the federal government, theft charges in Florida can still be severe.
🔎 Grand Theft – Florida Statute § 812.014
Florida classifies theft by the value of the property:
| Degree of Theft | Property Value Range | Penalty |
|---|---|---|
| Third-Degree Felony | $750 to $20,000 | Up to 5 years in prison |
| Second-Degree Felony | $20,000 to $100,000 | Up to 15 years in prison |
| First-Degree Felony | $100,000 or more | Up to 30 years in prison |
Moon rocks, valued at millions, would qualify as first-degree felony grand theft under Florida law.
Case Study: NASA Moon Rock Theft With a Florida Connection
The Crime:
In 2002, a NASA intern and accomplices broke into NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, and stole a 600-pound safe containing samples from every Apollo mission.
The Florida Tie-In:
Roberts and his group attempted to sell the moon rocks online. An FBI agent from Tampa responded to the listing and arranged a sting operation in Orlando, Florida, where the suspects were arrested.
Federal Prosecution:
The defendant pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit theft of government property and interstate transportation of stolen goods, receiving a sentence of over 8 years in federal prison. The stolen moon rocks were valued between $2.5 million and $7 million.
Florida State Law: How Grand Theft Charges Apply
While federal law took precedence in the NASA case, Florida theft laws are also relevant—especially in more routine or localized theft offenses.
Florida Statute § 812.014 – Grand Theft
Florida divides grand theft into degrees based on the value of the stolen property:
| Value of Property Stolen | Degree of Grand Theft | Penalty |
|---|---|---|
| $750 – $19,999 | 3rd Degree Felony | Up to 5 years prison |
| $20,000 – $99,999 | 2nd Degree Felony | Up to 15 years prison |
| $100,000 or more | 1st Degree Felony | Up to 30 years prison |
Given the astronomical value of moon rocks, any such theft would qualify as first-degree grand theft under Florida law—even if federal authorities were not involved.
Key Takeaways: What This Teaches About Theft Charges
While you may never find yourself accused of stealing moon rocks, this case highlights critical legal concepts that apply to almost every theft case in Florida or federal court:
- Jurisdiction Matters – If federal property is involved, or the item crosses state lines, federal law overrides state law.
- Value Drives Severity – The higher the property value, the steeper
Frequently Asked Theft of Government Property Questions
Yes, stealing a moon rock is a serious federal offense. Moon rocks recovered by NASA are classified as U.S. government property, and their unauthorized possession or sale falls under 18 U.S.C. § 641, which criminalizes theft of government assets. Convictions under this law can result in fines and imprisonment of up to 10 years. Because of their rarity and scientific value, federal authorities aggressively prosecute these crimes.
Yes, if the crime occurs within Florida or the stolen moon rocks are transported or sold within the state, Florida’s theft statutes may also apply. For example, under Florida Statutes § 812.014, theft of property valued at over $100,000 is classified as first-degree grand theft. This is a first-degree felony in Florida, punishable by up to 30 years in prison. However, when the theft involves federal property like moon rocks, federal prosecution usually takes precedence.
Penalties for stealing moon rocks under federal law can be severe, depending on the specific charges. Under 18 U.S.C. § 641 and 18 U.S.C. § 668, penalties can include fines and up to 10 years in federal prison. If the theft involves transporting the moon rocks across state lines, 18 U.S.C. § 2314 adds further criminal exposure. Courts often consider the irreplaceable nature of the lunar samples when determining sentencing.
Yes, one of the most well-known cases occurred in 2002 when Thad Roberts, a NASA intern, and several accomplices stole moon rocks from a safe at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. The case involved a sting operation by the FBI in Orlando, Florida, where the suspects attempted to sell the rocks to an undercover agent. Roberts was prosecuted federally and sentenced to over 8 years in prison. The case has become a prominent example of high-value scientific theft and has been featured in numerous documentaries and news reports.
Moon rocks are considered “priceless” due to their extreme rarity, scientific significance, and irreplaceability. Most samples are safeguarded by NASA and are not available to the public, making their black-market value extraordinarily high. Legally, their valuation often exceeds $1 million, qualifying them for prosecution under high-value theft statutes. The government treats their theft with the same gravity as stealing priceless artworks or national treasures.
Yes. While it’s rare, dual sovereignty allows both state and federal prosecutors to file charges if the conduct violates both sets of laws. In the moon rock case, while federal prosecutors took the lead, Florida law could have applied depending on the facts. 🔗 Learn how we handle complex Theft Defense Cases.
Lack of knowledge can be a viable defense. In federal court, statutes like 18 U.S.C. § 2315 (possession of stolen property) require the government to prove you knew the items were stolen. The same principle applies under Florida’s grand theft laws. We explore these defenses carefully in every case. 🔗 Visit: Top Defenses to Theft Charges
Grand Theft involves property worth $750 or more and is a felony.
Petit Theft typically involves property worth less than $750 and is a misdemeanor.
Florida escalates the charge based on prior convictions and property value. 🔗 Explore: Petit Theft Defense
The FBI uses advanced surveillance, wiretaps, undercover agents, and data analysis. If you’re under investigation, do not speak to law enforcement without a lawyer present. 🔗 Read about our Federal Investigations Defense
If you’re accused of theft—no matter the value or venue—call us. We represent clients in:
Hillsborough County, Tampa, Florida and Federal courts.
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